Evaluation of synthetic dyes in beverages marketed in the city of Trujillo in the period 2018 - 2019

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Resumen

The objectives of the study were the identification and quantification of synthetic dyes present in carbonated beverages marketed in the city of Trujillo. Nine carbonated beverages and three instant soft drinks were analysed, and the commercially available dyes Tartrazine (E102), Sunset Yellow FCF (E110), Allura Red AC (E129) and Brilliant Blue FCF (E133) were used as standards. The Arata-Possetto method was used to purify the dyes, for the extraction of the dyes from the beverages and to determine whether the dye is synthetic. Identification was carried out by thin layer chromatography and visible spectrophotometry. For thin layer chromatography, silica gel 60 aluminium chromatograms were used and the solvents ethanol, isopropanol, cyclohexane and isopropanol/cyclohexane combinations were used as the mobile phase; the best results were obtained at a combination of 80 % isopropanol/cyclohexane. The wavelengths of maximum absorption of the standard dyes Tartrazine (427 nm), Sunset Yellow (481 nm), Allura Red (504 nm) and Brilliant Blue (630 nm) were obtained, and the presence of the dyes analysed in the drinks was identified, which was related to that identified in the chromatography. The concentration of the dyes present in each of the beverages was obtained. It is concluded that the Arata-Possetto method, thin layer chromatography and visible spectrophotometry can be used to reliably identify and quantify the dyes present in the beverages by visible spectrophotometry. It was also found that the concentrations of synthetic dyes in beverages are within the limits established by the regulations.

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Palabras clave

Colorantes alimenticios, cromatografía, espectrofotometríaFood dyes, chromatography, spectrophotometry