Hydrodynamic and hydrological modeling of fluvial floods in the plain of the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, period 2018-2019

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Resumen

The research work included a description of the fluvial flooding process in the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve by the Marañón, Ucayali, Huallaga and tributaries of the Tapiche, Tigres, Samiria and Pacaya rivers. The influence of this process on biodiversity and fishing activity is described, through flow and sediment transport, river levels and flows according to the hydrological cycle. A two-dimensional model was developed with a computational domain that encompasses the Reserve and its buffer area. A DEM was used as part of the terrain model, and for the bottom geometry of the Huallaga, Marañón, Ucayali, Pacaya and Amazon rivers, bathymetry carried out by the Peruvian Navy in 2014 in the Amazon River and for the other rivers, by the Center for Water Research and Technology (CITA) in 2018 and 2019 were used. With respect to the boundary conditions, interpolated flows from the 2018 and 2019 campaigns of the MOORE project of CITA-UTEC were used; and calibrated with water levels from SENAMHI hydrometric stations transformed to EGM96 geoidal wavelet elevations. The water levels of the Marañon and Ucayali rivers were calibrated at the San Regis and Requena stations with water level elevations of 106.341 m and 101.96 m respectively with a manning coefficient value of 0.04 for both rivers. A maximum flow in the Amazon River of 56459.2 m3/s was obtained, and a maximum flooding area without including the rivers of 6698.92 km2 was obtained, which corresponds to 19% of the Reserve area for the 2018-2019 hydrological year. The discharge routes were identified, where the largest inflow is through the Puinahua channel in the months of April and May, and the flooded areas were contrasted with the maps of vegetation cover, geology, geomorphology and life zones. Finally, the relationship between the hydrological cycle and the diversity of flora and fauna was described. The relationship of flora and fauna diversity with the flooding process of the Huallaga, Marañón and Ucayali rivers was described, identifying the floodplain, the discharge routes of non-permanent flows and the productivity of fishing activity.

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