Inventario de hongos xilófagos y su impacto en la degradación estructural de la madera en bosques de Eucalipto, Aliso y Pino del Centro Poblado de Viñas, Tayacaja-Huancavelica-2024

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Resumen

The study investigated xylophagous fungi in eucalyptus, alder, and pine wood in Viñas, Tayacaja, and Huancavelica, evaluating their impact on structural degradation. Ten fungal species were identified using macroscopic and microscopic methods, with Trametes cinnabarina, Stereum hirsutum, and Ganoderma applanatum being the most prominent species associated with white and brown rot. These species significantly affect lignin and cellulose, key components of wood, decreasing its mechanical strength. Inventory and microscopic analysis identified the structure and hyphal system of the fungi, while safranin staining highlighted differences in tissues. Ganoderma applanatum showed the greatest impact on the three forest species, while Coniophora puteana and Heterobasidion annosum primarily affected pine. Trametes cinnabarina and Stereum hirsutum attacked Eucalyptus and Alder, highlighting their vulnerability. However, species such as Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa and Usnea did not show degrading activity. The results highlight the relationship between the lignocellulosic composition of wood and the degrading capacity of fungi, influenced by factors such as humidity and temperature. This underscores the importance of managing these factors to mitigate damage to forest ecosystems and preserve wood quality, which is crucial in industrial and construction applications.

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Palabras clave

InventoryWood-boring fungiWhite rotWoodInventarioHongos xilófagosPudrición blancaMadera