Efectividad del examen biológico en tipos de himen de víctimas de delito contra la libertad sexual menores de 18 años. Unidad médico Legal, Huancayo – 2025

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Resumen

Objective: To determine whether the effectiveness of biological examinations is conditioned by hymenal types among victims under 18 years of age of sexual offenses treated at the Huancayo Medical-Legal Unit during 2024. Methods: A quantitative, applied research study with an explanatory scope was conducted. The deductive-inductive and analytical methods were applied through a non-experimental, cross-sectional, causal design. The study population consisted of 93 victims under 18 years of age evaluated for sexual offenses at the Huancayo Medical-Legal Unit between January and September 2024. A census sampling approach was used, including all available cases. Data were collected through documentary analysis of medico-legal records and biological examination reports. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27, applying binary logistic regression to assess the causal relationship between hymenal type (independent variable) and biological examination effectiveness (dependent variable), considering a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Among the 93 evaluated victims, 65.6% (61) were from urban areas and 34.4% (32) from rural areas. Regarding educational level, 73.1% (68) had secondary education and 26.9% (25) had primary education. The most frequent age was 15 years (25.8%; n=24), followed by 14 years (20.4%; n=19) and 12 years (10.8%; n=10), with a mean age of 14.51 years. Inferential analysis showed that hymenal type does not condition the effectiveness of biological examinations among victims under 18 years of age of sexual offenses (p=0.000). Conclusion: The findings indicate that biological examination effectiveness is not determined by hymenal type identified during medico-legal assessment, suggesting that anatomical characteristics of the hymen are not a determining factor for obtaining biological evidence in sexual offense cases involving minors.

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Palabras clave

sexual assaultbiological examinationhymenforensic medicineminorsagresión sexualexamen biológicohimenmedicina legalmenores de edad